RACIAL QUOTA SYSTEM IN BRAZIL

Racial quotas are the reservation of vacancies in public or private institutions for specific groups classified by ethnicity, most of the time, blacks and Indians. Emerged in the United States in the 1960s, racial quotas are considered, by original concept, a form of affirmative action, something to reverse historical racism against certain ethnic classes. Although many consider quotas as a system of social inclusion, there is controversy as to its constitutionality and consequences in many countries. [1] The validity of such reserves for black students in Brazil was passed by the Supreme Court in 2012.

Concept

Overcoming socioeconomic inequalities imposed as one of the goals of any society that aspires to greater social equality. In relation to social problems, some alternatives are proposed for mitigation of inequalities that keep people in disparate conditions of different strata. One alternative proposed is the quota system that aims to accelerate the process of social inclusion of groups on the margins of society.

The concept of contribution of vacancies apply, usually for a specified time. These populations may be ethnic or racial groups, social classes, immigrants, african descent, disabled, women, the elderly, among others.

The rationale for the quota system is that certain specific groups, because of some disparaging historical process, would have more difficulty to seize the opportunities that arise in the labor market and would suffer discrimination in their interactions with society. The law established the constitutional reservation of vacancies for disabled people, which began to be adopted in various tenders, with the caveat that employment or position does not require full physical. This marks the beginning of quotas for specific groups in Brazil. Over time, other social groups come to claim the contribution of vacancies to "guarantee" a minimum participation in certain sectors of society such as public universities. The law established the constitutional reservation of vacancies for disabled people, which began to be adopted in various tenders, with the caveat that employment or position does not require full physical. This marks the beginning of quotas for specific groups in Brazil. Over time, other social groups come to claim the contribution of vacancies to "guarantee" a minimum participation in certain sectors of society such as public universities.

NOME:  Dimas e  Gustavo.
TURMA:   302

INFLUENCE OF AFRICAN CULTURE IN CULINARIA BRASILHEIRA Since the arrival of blacks in Brazil, there was a great influence of African culture in the way we live in many circumstances. We highlight the presence african-Brazilian in our language of African origin have the following words: rum, boy, quindim, eggplant, voodoo, wasp, nap, thong, samba, gherkin, bass drum, acarajé, carimbó, hominy, etc.. Also noteworthy names: Jurema, Yuri, Joaquim, Jusefa, etc.. We can not forget the importance that brought in food: paçoca, feijoada, quindim, tapioca, maize cake, acarajé, vacapá, bobo, mulatinho beans, palm oil, yams and cassava. Brazil had a strong influence of African religion, such as Cacumba, Yemanja and Candoblé. The candoblé for example, is a fetishistic religion (but that was influenced by Christianity), now common in our country and that originally came from Africa. Racism and prejudice are rooted in the process of enslavement of African peoples by Europeans. Slaves were employed in virtually all activities in the three and a half centuries that lasted slavery in our country. These people suffered, but brought with characteristics that were not lost over time and remain today aucumulada diversity in Brazil. Influence of food on the menu African Brazilian Many of preparation techniques and ingredients are of indigenous origin, and adaptations on the part of slaves and Portuguese. These were adaptations of their dishes by substituting ingredients that were missing with the local. The feijoada, a typical dish of the country, is an example. The daily diet in Africa by the sixteenth century included rice, beans (black-eyed peas), corn, sorghum and couscous. The meat was mostly abundant hunting antelopes, gazelles, buffalo, birds, hippos and elephants. Fished little, harpoons, and network arch. They raised sheep, cattle and goats, but the meat of farm animals was generally intended for sacrifice and trade, served as the reserve currency. Prepared food, baking, roasting or baking it and to season the food had appreciation for peppers, but also sauces used vegetable oils, such as olive oil-for-palm that accompanied most foods. The slave was presented to Brazilian genera even before leaving Africa, receiving a ration of beans, maize, cassava, cassava flour and fish for the crossing. The basis of the slave power did not vary according to the function they were exercising, whether they were in-mills, mines or on sale. This base was manioc flour. She most varied in terms of their work be urban or rural, and its owner is rich or poor. The supply of slaves in wealthy properties included hominy, black beans, bacon, dried meat, oranges, bananas, cassava flour and he could fish and hunt, was poor in flour, oranges and bananas. In cities, the sale of some foods could improve food slave achieved through the extra features. NOME: José e Jairo

INFLUENCE OF AFRICAN CULTURE IN CULINARIA BRASILHEIRA

Since the arrival of blacks in Brazil, there was a great influence of African culture in the way we live in many circumstances. We highlight the presence african-Brazilian in our language of African origin have the following words: rum, boy, quindim, eggplant, voodoo, wasp, nap, thong, samba, gherkin, bass drum, acarajé, carimbó, hominy, etc.. Also noteworthy names: Jurema, Yuri, Joaquim, Jusefa, etc.. We can not forget the importance that brought in food: paçoca, feijoada, quindim, tapioca, maize cake, acarajé, vacapá, bobo, mulatinho beans, palm oil, yams and cassava. Brazil had a strong influence of African religion, such as Cacumba, Yemanja and Candoblé. The candoblé for example, is a fetishistic religion (but that was influenced by Christianity), now common in our country and that originally came from Africa. Racism and prejudice are rooted in the process of enslavement of African peoples by Europeans. Slaves were employed in virtually all activities in the three and a half centuries that lasted slavery in our country. These people suffered, but brought with characteristics that were not lost over time and remain today aucumulada diversity in Brazil.

Influence of food on the menu African Brazilian

Many of preparation techniques and ingredients are of indigenous origin, and adaptations on the part of slaves and Portuguese. These were adaptations of their dishes by substituting ingredients that were missing with the local. The feijoada, a typical dish of the country, is an example.

The daily diet in Africa by the sixteenth century included rice, beans (black-eyed peas), corn, sorghum and couscous. The meat was mostly abundant hunting antelopes, gazelles, buffalo, birds, hippos and elephants.

Fished little, harpoons, and network arch. They raised sheep, cattle and goats, but the meat of farm animals was generally intended for sacrifice and trade, served as the reserve currency. Prepared food, baking, roasting or baking it and to season the food had appreciation for peppers, but also sauces used vegetable oils, such as olive oil-for-palm that accompanied most foods.

The slave was presented to Brazilian genera even before leaving Africa, receiving a ration of beans, maize, cassava, cassava flour and fish for the crossing. The basis of the slave power did not vary according to the function they were exercising, whether they were in-mills, mines or on sale. This base was manioc flour. She most varied in terms of their work be urban or rural, and its owner is rich or poor. The supply of slaves in wealthy properties included hominy, black beans, bacon, dried meat, oranges, bananas, cassava flour and he could fish and hunt, was poor in flour, oranges and bananas. In cities, the sale of some foods could improve food slave achieved through the extra features.

NOME:  José  e  Jairo.

RACIAL QUOTA SYSTEM IN BRAZIL Racial quotas are the reservation of vacancies in public or private institutions for specific groups classified by ethnicity, most of the time, blacks and Indians. Emerged in the United States in the 1960s, racial quotas are considered, by original concept, a form of affirmative action, something to reverse historical racism against certain ethnic classes. Although many consider quotas as a system of social inclusion, there is controversy as to its constitutionality and consequences in many countries. [1] The validity of such reserves for black students in Brazil was passed by the Supreme Court in 2012. Concept Overcoming socioeconomic inequalities imposed as one of the goals of any society that aspires to greater social equality. In relation to social problems, some alternatives are proposed for mitigation of inequalities that keep people in disparate conditions of different strata. One alternative proposed is the quota system that aims to accelerate the process of social inclusion of groups on the margins of society. The concept of contribution of vacancies apply, usually for a specified time. These populations may be ethnic or racial groups, social classes, immigrants, african descent, disabled, women, the elderly, among others. The rationale for the quota system is that certain specific groups, because of some disparaging historical process, would have more difficulty to seize the opportunities that arise in the labor market and would suffer discrimination in their interactions with society. The law established the constitutional reservation of vacancies for disabled people, which began to be adopted in various tenders, with the caveat that employment or position does not require full physical. This marks the beginning of quotas for specific groups in Brazil. Over time, other social groups come to claim the contribution of vacancies to "guarantee" a minimum participation in certain sectors of society such as public universities. The law established the constitutional reservation of vacancies for disabled people, which began to be adopted in various tenders, with the caveat that employment or position does not require full physical. This marks the beginning of quotas for specific groups in Brazil. Over time, other social groups come to claim the contribution of vacancies to "guarantee" a minimum participation in certain sectors of society such as public universities.

Influência da Cultura Africana no folclore brasileiro

   A cultura brasileira é uma síntese da influência dos vários povos e etnias que formaram o povo brasileiro. Não existe uma cultura brasileira perfeitamente homogênea, e sim um mosaico de diferentes vertentes culturais que formam, juntas, a cultura do Brasil. Naturalmente, após mais de três séculos de colonização portuguesa, a cultura do Brasil é, majoritariamente, de raiz lusitana. É justamente essa herança cultural lusa que compõe a unidade do Brasil: apesar do povo brasileiro ser um mosaico étnico, todos falam a mesma língua (o português) e, quase todos, são cristãos, com largo predomínio de católicos. Esta igualdade linguística e religiosa é um fato raro para um país de grande tamanho como o Brasil, especialmente em comparação com os países do Velho Mundo. Embora seja um país de colonização portuguesa, outros grupos étnicos deixaram influências profundas na cultura nacional, destacando-se os povos indígenas, os africanos, os italianos e os alemães. As influências indígenas e africanas deixaram marcas no âmbito da música, da culinária, do folclore, do artesanato, dos caracteres emocionais e das festas populares do Brasil, assim como centenas de empréstimos à língua portuguesa. É evidente que algumas regiões receberam maior contribuição desses povos: os estados do Norte têm forte influência das culturas indígenas, enquanto algumas regiões do Nordeste têm uma cultura bastante africanizada, sendo que, em outras, principalmente no sertão, há uma intensa e antiga mescla de caracteres lusitanos e indígenas, com menor participação africana. No Sul do país as influências de imigrantes italianos e alemães são evidentes, seja na língua, culinária, música e outros aspectos. Outras etnias, como os árabes, espanhóis, poloneses e japoneses contribuíram também para a cultura do Brasil, porém, de forma mais limitada.

Brazilian culture is a synthesis of the influence of the various peoples and ethnicities that formed the Brazilian people. There is a Brazilian culture perfectly homogeneous, but rather a mosaic of different cultural strands that form together the culture of Brazil. Naturally, after more than three centuries of Portuguese colonization, culture of Brazil is mostly from root lusitana. It is precisely this cultural heritage lusa that compose the unit of Brazil: Brazilian people despite being an ethnic mosaic, all speak the same language (Portuguese) and almost all are Christians, with wide predominance of Catholics. This linguistic and religious equality is a rarity for a country of great size like Brazil, especially in comparison with the countries of the Old World. Although it is a country of Portuguese colonization, other ethnic groups have left profound influence on the national culture, especially indigenous peoples, Africans, Italians and Germans. The Indian and African influences have left their mark in the music, cuisine, folklore, crafts, emotional characters and popular festivals of Brazil, as well as hundreds of loans to the Portuguese language. It is evident that some regions received higher contribution of these peoples: the northern states have a strong influence of indigenous cultures, while some parts of the Northeast have a very Africanized culture, and, in others, especially in the interior, there is an intense mix of old and lusitanos characters and indigenous African participation with less. In the south of the country influences of Italian and German immigrants are evident, whether in language, cuisine, music and other aspects. Other ethnic groups, such as Arabs, Spaniards, Poles and Japanese have also contributed to the culture of Brazil, however, more limited.

Iara

   Ela é uma linda sereia que vive no rio Amazonas, sua pele é morena, possui cabelos longos, negros e olhos castanhos.
A Iara costuma tomar banho nos rios e cantar uma melodia irresistível, desta forma os homens que a veem não conseguem resistir aos seus desejos e pulam dentro do rio. Ela tem o poder de cegar quem a admira e levar para o fundo do rio qualquer homem com o qual ela desejar se casar. Os índios acreditam tanto no poder da Iara que evitam passar perto dos lagos ao entardecer

Iara

   She is a beautiful mermaid who lives in the Amazon River, his skin is dark, has long hair, and dark brown eyes.
The Iara usually bathe in rivers and irresistible sing a melody, so they see that the men can not resist their desires and jump into the river. She has the power to blind those who admire and take to the river bottom any man with whom she wants to marry.
The Indians believe in the power of both Iara who avoid going near the lake at dusk

Curupira

   O curupira é um ser fantástico, que segundo a crença popular, habita em florestas, sua função é a de proteger as plantas e os animais, além de punir quem os agredir.
O curupira é descrito como um menino de estatura baixa, cabelos cor de fogo e pés com calcanhares para frente que confundem os caçadores.
Além disso, dizem que o curupira gosta de sentar nas sombras das mangueiras e se deliciar com os frutos, mas se ele sentir que está sendo vigiado ou ameaçado, logo começa a correr a uma velocidade tão grande que os olhos humanos não conseguem acompanhar.

Curupira  

   The curupira is a fantastic being, which according to popular belief, inhabits forests, its function is to protect plants and animals, and punish those who harm.
The curupira is described as a boy with short stature, hair the color of fire and feet with heels forward that confuse hunters.
Moreover, say the curupira likes to sit in the shadows of the hoses and relish in the fruits, but if he feels he is being watched or threatened, soon begins to run at a speed so great that human eyes can not keep up.

Saci perere

   O saci possui apenas uma perna, usa um gorro vermelho e sempre está com um cachimbo na boca.
Inicialmente, o saci era retratado como um curumim endiabrado, com duas pernas, cor morena, além de possuir um rabo típico. A principal característica do saci é a travessura, ele é muito brincalhão, diverte-se com os animais e com as pessoas. Por ser  muito moleque ele acaba causando transtornos. Segundo a lenda, o Saci está nos redemoinhos de vento e pode ser capturado jogando uma peneira sobre os redemoinhos.

Saci Perere

   The Saci has only one leg, wears a red cap and always with a pipe in his mouth.Initially, the Saci was portrayed as a mischievous curumim, with two legs, tan, besides having a tail typical.

The main feature of Saci is the trick, he is very playful, fun with animals and with people. Because it is very kid he ends up causing disorders
According to legend, the Saci is in whirlwinds and can be caught playing a sieve over the swirls.

Boitatá

A lenda do boitatá foi criada pelo padre José de Anchieta, na qual descreveu o boitatá como uma gigantesca cobra de fogo ondulada, com olhos que parecem dois faróis, couro transparente, que cintila nas noites em que aparece deslizando nas campinas e na beira dos rios. Diz a lenda também que o boitatá pode se transformar em uma tora em brasa, para assim queimar e punir quem coloca fogo nas matas.

Boitatá

The legend of boitatá was created by Father José de Anchieta, in which he described the boitatá like a giant snake of fire wavy, with eyes that look like two headlights, leather transparent, glistening on nights when sliding appears in the plains and on the river banks . Legend has it that the boitatá can also turn into a log on fire to burn well and punish those who put fire in the woods.

Componentes- Marcelo e Jaqueline      

Turma- 302   3ºAno

Art and Artists

                                                         Art and Artists

   The art in general is a man's ability to create and send your ideas, sensations and feelings. It is a set of procedures that are used to carry out works, where we apply our knowledge. Presents itself in various forms such as: plastic, music sculpture, cinema, theater, dance, architecture, etc.. It can be seen or perceived in three ways: viewed, heard or audiovisual. These art forms are practiced around the world, in different cultures.
    After its inception, thousands of years ago, art was evolving and occupying an important place in society. Stand out as great Brazilian writers: Castro Alves, Machado de Assis, Cecilia Meireles, Manuel Bandeira, Aluisio de Azevedo, Monteiro Lobato, among others. In painting are:  Candido Portinari, Anita Malfatti, Di Cavalcanti, Pablo Picasso ...

Anyway, the art serves as a distraction to certain problems, it is a way by which we can express what we feel to the various groups in society.

A arte no geral, é a capacidade do homem de criar, transmitindo suas ideias, sensações e sentimentos. É um conjunto de procedimentos que são utilizados para realizar obras, onde aplicamos nossos conhecimentos. Se apresenta sob variadas formas como: a plástica, a música a escultura, o cinema, o teatro, a dança, a arquitetura, etc. Pode ser vista ou percebida de três maneiras: visualizadas, ouvidas ou audiovisuais. Essas formas de artes são praticadas em todo o mundo, em diferentes culturas.

Após seu surgimento, há milhares de anos, a arte foi evoluindo e ocupando um importante espaço na sociedade. Destacam-se como grandes escritores brasileiros: Castro Alves, Machado de Assis, Cecília Meireles, Manuel Bandeira, Aluísio de Azevedo, Monteiro Lobato, entre outros. Na pintura destacam- se: Cândido Portinari, Anita Malfatti, Di Cavalcanti, Pablo Picasso...

  Enfim, a arte funciona como uma distração para certos problemas, é um modo pelo qual podemos expressar o que sentimos aos diversos grupos da sociedade. 

                                                                                             Por Lilian dos Santos e Mikael Cegelka

                                                                                                Turma 302

A luta das raças sofredoras

Slavery has existed since the dawn of our history when people defeated in battle were enslaved by their conquerors. But this theme always behind us in remembering the Portuguese, the Spanish and the English who filled their holds of their ships of black Africans, selling them in inhumane and cruel.
In Brazil, slavery began with the production of sugar in the first half of the sixteenth century. The Portuguese brought black Africans to their colonies in Africa to use as slave labor in the sugar plantations in the Northeast. In the sugar plantations, slaves were treated the worst possible way, worked hard from sunup to sundown received rags of clothes and a bad diet. The black reacted, riots and escapes generated on farms in the Northeast. Were created refugee communities in the midst of the forest, the best known was the Quilombo dos Palmares led by Zumbi.
In Anglo-Saxon America only after the sixteenth century black Africans were brought to meet the needs of manpower in the fields of farms in the South, and lived as slaves in Brazil.

Componentes- Tatiane e Aline

Turma- 302      3ºAno

The African influence

The African culture is extremely diverse and its features depict both the history of the people as the continent's - considered the territory inhabited more time on Earth. This is because the inhabitants of Africa evolved in an environment full of contrasts and multiple dimensions. Culturally they are very different, speak a vast number of languages, practice different religions, live in dwellings diversified and engage in many economic activities. Tribes, ethnic and social groups that make up the population of customs, traditions, languages ​​and religions specific.

Since the arrival of blacks in Brazil, there was a great influence of African culture in the way we live in many circumstances.

 We highlight the presence african-Brazilian in our language of African origin have the following words: rum, boy, quindim, eggplant, voodoo, wasp, nap, thong, samba, gherkin, bass drum, acarajé, carimbó, hominy, etc.. Also noteworthy names: Jurema, Yuri, Joaquim, Jusefa, etc.. We can not forget the importance that brought in food: paçoca, feijoada, quindim, tapioca, maize cake, acarajé, vacapá, bobo, mulatinho beans, palm oil, yams and cassava. Brazil had a strong influence of African religion, such as Cacumba, Yemanja and Candoblé. The candoblé for example, is a fetishistic religion (but that was influenced by Christianity), now common in our country and that originally came from Africa.

Racism and prejudice are rooted in the process of enslavement of African peoples by Europeans. Slaves were employed in virtually all activities in the three and a half centuries that lasted slavery in our country.

These people suffered, but brought with characteristics that were not lost over time and remain today aucumulada diversity in Brazil.

In Brazil, African culture came through the slave trade that brought the country to people from Africa as slaves. Formed mainly by Bantu, Nago, Jeje, Hausa and the Africans had their Malian culture rebuked by the colonizers. In the colony slaves learning Portuguese, came to be named after Portuguese and forced to convert to Catholicism. Yet it was they who helped give rise to the african-Brazilian religions, currently broadcast in several regions of the country's most practiced in Brazil are Candomblé and Umbanda.

However, the contribution of Africans in Brazilian culture was not limited to religion. Dance, music, cuisine and language received influences that prevail in Brazil until the present day. In regional cooking, for example, African heritage is evident, especially in Bahia. The oil palm, a palm tree which is extracted from the African palm oil, was introduced by slaves in the region and is now used in various dishes of African influence as vatapá, pigweed and acarajé. Already the language of Brazil won new words like drumming, boy, blessed, and stink voodoo.

The music was also very favored by African culture, which contributed to the rhythms that are the basis of much of Brazilian popular music. An example is the musical genre lundu, along with other genres that originated the rhythmic base of the Gherkin, samba, choro and bossa nova. Besides contributing rhythmic, were also brought some musical instruments like the berimbau, the agogo and afoxé, all of African origin. The best known of them in Brazil is the berimbau, an instrument used to create the rhythm that accompanies the steps of capoeira. In folklore are of African dances cateretê, jongo and samba, conga drum and musical instruments, the opossum and marimba.

Alunas:  Arlete, Camila.

Turma: 302

Rulers Negros
Barack Obama was elected the 44th president of the United States. At 47, he becomes the first black to rule the country by defeating Republican rival John McCain.
Born on August 4, 1961, in Honolulu, Hawaii, Obama is married to Michelle and they have two daughters, Malia and Natasha. The son of a Kenyan and an American woman from Kansas, Obama has the family still in Africa.
In childhood, lived for years in Jakarta (Indonesia) after his parents' divorce and remarriage of the mother. Harvard student, Obama was the first black to chair the prestigious university magazine "Harvard Law Review" and in 2004, he joined the Senate.
The social and racial inequalities suffered by black during these three hundred years and still today, triggered a series of resistances which were shaping up and became a solid foundation capable of supporting the ideal of freedom and equality sought by anti-racism movements. the gulf that separates the living conditions of the population in society bankroll and white is noticeable in all aspects, especially with regard to job opportunities in the labor market, schooling the rendimentos.Não only these factors, but also several other inviabilizarão contribute to growth and inclusion of blacks in different sectors of this globalized economy.

Aluna- Juliana Zmora

Turma-302  3º Ano